Estimation of Diffusion

Restrictions in Cardiomyocytes
Using Kinetic Measurements

Mervi Sepp Supervisor: Marko Vendelin, PhD Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Cybernetics TUT

Opponents: Jeroen Jeneson, PhD

BioModeling and Bioinformatics, Eindhoven University of Technology

Agu Laisk, DSc, Prof

Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu

PhD Defense

Overview

Sepp, Vendelin, Vija, Birkedal ADP compartmentation analysis reveals coupling between pyruvate kinase and ATPases in heart muscle. Biophysical Journal, 2010.
Jepihhina, Beraud, Sepp, Birkedal, Vendelin Permeabilized rat cardiomyocyte response demonstrates intracellular origin of diffusion obstacles. Biophysical Journal, 2011.
Illaste, Kalda, Schryer, Sepp Life of mice - development of cardiac energetics. Journal of Physiology, 2010.
Branovets, Sepp, Kotlyarova, Jepihhina, Sokolova, Aksentijevic, Lygate, Neubauer, Vendelin, Birkedal Unchanged mitochondrial organization and compartmentation in creatine deficient GAMT-/- mouse heart. AJP-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2013.
Sepp, Sokolova, Jugai, Mandel, Peterson, Vendelin Glycolysis-coupled Na+/K+-ATPase has high activity in permeabilized rat cardiomyocytes. Submitted 2013.

Cellular energetics

AIM

characterize intracellular compartmentation in a relaxed heart cell

Evidence of diffusion restrictions

fibers CM 0.3 - 0.5mM

mitochondria 0.015mM

Saks et al (Biochim Biophys Acta 1991)

Kümmel (Cardiovascular research 1988)

Restriction on MoM

Evidence of diffusion restrictions

Cardiomyocytes 0.3 - 0.5mM

Isolated mitochondria 0.015mM

Saks et al (Biochim Biophys Acta 1991)

Restriction on MoM

...there is more

Seppet et al (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2001)

Saks et al (Biochem. J. 2001)

Restriction in cytosol

Saks 2001:

Skinned rat soleus fibers: "A powerful ADP-trapping system (PK+PEP) decreased the rate of respiration initiated by the addition of 2mM ATP not more than 20%. ...total activity of PK (20 units/ml) exceeded the combined rates of the ATPase and oxidative phosphorylation in oxygraphic cells (maximally 0.2umol/min per ml) by two orders of magnitude"

Skinned rat cardiac fibers:"...2mM MgATP, was inhibited not more than 40% by PK+PEP"

Why are diffusion restrictions important?

Boudina et al (Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002)

Overall design

Competition for ADP

PEP in solution activates
endogenous PK?

Confirmed

Experimental setup

ATP production through respiration
ATP utilization through cytosolic ATPase activity

Mathematical Modeling

$J_{ATP} = C_{sol-cyt} ({ATP}_{sol} - {ATP}_{cyt})$ $J_{MOM ATP} = C_{MOM} ({ATP}_{cyt} - {ATP}_{IMS})$

Diffusion: Fick's Law

Mathematical Modeling

$V_{ATPsyn} = \frac{V_{maxATPsyn} {ADP}_{IMS}}{{ADP}_{IMS} + K_{mATPsyn}}$ $V_{ATPase} = \frac{V_{maxATPase} {ATP}_{cyto}}{{ATP}_{cyto} + K_{mATPase} (1+ \frac{{ADP}_{cyt}}{K_{iATPase}})}$

Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten

Results:

Series of characteristic experiments to study compartmentalization
Collection of mathematical models to analyze the data
some ATPases coupled to endPK

Which ATPase?

SERCA

SR Ca pump

NKA

cell membrane Na/K pump

Intracellular Na 10mM

Extracellular Na 135-145mM

14:1

Intracellular K 155mM

Extracellular K 3.5-5mM

1:30

Is SERCA active?

RESULT: SERCA is inactive in our conditions

Is NKA active?

RESULT: NKA is active in our conditions

Application of the approach showed NKA tightly coupled to endogenousPK

Applications of approach

Diffusion restrictions - Alternative explanation

Diffusion restrictions not intracellular but caused by clumping of cells and change in effective diffusion distances

Kongas et al (Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2002)

Assessment of cell respiration using autofluorescence

Experiments performed by Natalja Jepihhina

NADH florescence

Experiments performed by Natalja Jepihhina

Hypothesis: ADP accumulation in solution in population studies?

Single cell vs population

Analysis of the experimental setup

Dashed - fast diffusion

Dotted - ADP supplied by just diffusion

Black solid - flow + ADP diffusion

Red - DR Km=0.015mM, Green - 0.3mM, Blue - 0.45mM

Application of the approach on mice

WT vs GAMT-deficient mice

GAMT (Guanidinoacetate ethyltransferase) one of the enzymes on Cr synthesis
pathway

Experiments performed by Jelena Branovets

Analysis of kinetic data with mathematical models showed no differences in kinetic parameters WT vs GAMT-deficient mice

Summary

Experimental and numerical approach to study intracellular compartmentation was developed

Approach applied on rat
- Analysis demonstrated the presence of coupling between endPK and a fraction of ATPases

NKA was found to be coupled to endPK
Demonstration of intracellular origin of diffusion restrictions

Approach applied on mice
- Wildtype
- GAMT-deficient
- No adaptational changes in the compared animal models

KmATPsyn=0.015mM

KmATPsyn=0.056mM Jacobus 1982

Sigmoidal relationship for VATPsyn Jeneson 1996

Wash solution (mM): NaCl 117, KCl 5.7, NaHCO3 4.4, MgCl2 1.7, KH2PO4 1.5, sucrose

120, BES 21, taurine 20, glucose 11.7 and creatine 10. pH was adjusted to 7.1 with NaOH at 25

Digestion solution (mM): NaCl 117, KCl 5.7, NaHCO3 4.4, MgCl2 1.7, KH2PO4 1.5, HEPES 21.1, taurine 20, glucose 11.7, creatine 11, phoshocreatine 10, pyruvate 2, 2 mg/ml BSA and 0.75-1 mg/ml

collagenase A/P (Roche). pH was adjusted to 7.1 with NaOH at 25

Mitomed solution (mM): KH2PO4 PO2 3, MgCl2 sucrose 110, K-lactobionate 60, taurine 20, HEPES 20, EGTA 0.5, DTT 0.5, malate 2, glutamate 5 and 5mg/ml BSA. pH adjusted to 7.1 with KOH at 25C

Chemical composition of cytosol

ATP 0 in vivo 5 - 10

ADP 0 in vivo measured 1-2mM, free10-50uM

Pi 3 in vivo < 1mM

pH 7.1

Na ca 4 (storage + Mitomed + pH adjustment)

K 3

Ca ~ 0

Mg 3

PEP 0

pyruvate 0

lactate 0

ATP inhibition of respiration

Jacobus et al, JBC 1982

Isolated mitochondria, VO2(ADP)

Jacobus et al, JBC 1982

Stimulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis by ADP in sceletal muscle and isolated mitochondria (inset)

Jeneson et al 1996 JBC

thesis

By Mervi Sepp

thesis

12 years ago
3,723

Overview

Cellular energetics

AIM

Evidence of diffusion restrictions

Evidence of diffusion restrictions

...there is more

Why are diffusion restrictions important?

Overall design

Competition for ADP

Experimental setup

Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical Modeling

Results:

Series of characteristic experiments to study compartmentalization

Collection of mathematical models to analyze the data

some ATPases coupled to endPK

SERCA

NKA

Is SERCA active?

RESULT: SERCA is inactive in our conditions

Is NKA active?

RESULT: NKA is active in our conditions Application of the approach showed NKA tightly coupled to endogenousPK

Applications of approach

Diffusion restrictions - Alternative explanation

Assessment of cell respiration using autofluorescence

NADH florescence

Single cell vs population

Analysis of the experimental setup

Application of the approach on mice

Summary

Chemical composition of cytosol

ATP inhibition of respiration

thesis

More from Mervi Sepp

RESULT: NKA is active in our conditions

Application of the approach showed NKA tightly coupled to endogenousPK